Lululemon Athletica Analytic Essay - 1633 Words

Case Analysis #1 Problem Essay Lululemon Athletica Inc Samuel Ellison Presented for: Professor Kannangara Sunday, March 6th, 2016 BUSI4003 Introduction Lululemon Athletica Inc., founded in 1998 in Vancouver by Chip Wilson, is a company which designs and produces high-end yoga and technical athletic clothing. They have operated primarily in North America and Australia; their initial target customer was an educated woman who lives an active and healthy lifestyle. They opened their first store in Kitsilano in BC in November, 2000. The first store was intended to act as a community hub where people could learn and discuss about the physical aspects and mental aspects of a healthy life, in addition to selling yoga clothing.†¦show more content†¦The company plans to launch stand-alone mens stores by 2016 and expand their business globally. That same day, the company announced plans to quit the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) due to a lack of trading on the Canadian exchange, stating that the expenses associated with having a dual listing were not justifiable(Nichols, 2016). The one remark that sent the media in a frenzy was in resp onse to the public criticism of the sheer yoga pants, Wilson explained, â€Å"Quite frankly, some women’s bodies just actually don’t work for it. Even our small sizes would fit an extra-large(Nichols, 2016). It’s really about the rubbing through the thighs, how much pressure is there.† This statement triggered massive social outrage that was felt throughout many media platforms(Nichols, 2016). With this media â€Å"fire-storm† it was clear that Mr. Wilson needs to be reprimanded in the sense of being taught to speak to the media. Christine Day has stepped down from the CEO position and corporate will need to select another leader. To break down the analysis of the case I believe is it best divide aspects of the case and as well what they should do into categories such as : Economics, Sociocultural, Demographic, and Technological. These would all be considered apart of all external aspects. Economic: Continued economic struggles, especially within the European Union, have the potential to negatively affect Lululemon’s international expansion(Thomas

The Effects Of Nutrition On Health And Health - 955 Words

Health is a widely used term and every person’s definition of health and being healthy can be vastly different. There are many different ways to achieve good health and to be healthy, but one thing in common that is important no matter what, is nutrition. Nutrition greatly influences our health and can be detrimental in preventing or treating a disease. Prevention is crucial to stay healthy and free of illness and disease and nutrition plays a huge part in this process. Nutrition is important in all stages of life-from pregnancy, birth, toddler, children, teenagers, adults, and the elderly. Pregnancy is arguably one of the most important phase in life, simply because a new human is being created. It is important to start life off right and that can be achieved with proper nutrition. Before a woman becomes pregnant, it is important to receive adequate nutrition. According to the Maternal and Child Health journal, in order to ensure woman receive adequate nutrition advice in time to make informed decisions regarding pregnancy, there needs to be further exploration into effective nutrition education during preconception (Lucas, 2014). They also mention that nutrition information received at 12 weeks is too late to be useful. Therefore, there are several factors to consider even before conception. To start off, there are many deficiency problems that can arise early in pregnancy and this can be prevented by receiving the adequate levels of folate the body needs to support theShow MoreRelatedNutrition And Its Effects On Health933 Words   |  4 PagesJust as nutrition can have drastic effects on one’s physical health, nutrition can affect one’s mental health as well. The most common mental disorders that are prevalent in numerous countries are depressi on, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The dietary pattern of the general population in many countries reflect that they are often deficient in many nutrients, especially essential vitamins, minerals, and omega-3 fatty acids. Deficiency in these vitamins canRead MoreNutrition And Its Effects On Health Essay1992 Words   |  8 Pagesindividuals are forgetting the importance of nutrition and its effects on our overall health. When it comes to nutrition, many individuals should observe what are their inputs and outputs in order to maintain a healthy consumption balance. Through this constant observation, it can help an individual maintain a balance intake of foods. At the same time, it may help reduce the risk of obtaining an illness or disease. The observation can also help you understand your health and assisting you in asking help fromRead MoreNutrition And Its Effects On Health Essay1977 Words   |  8 Pagesare forgetting the importance of nutrition and its effects on our overall health. When it comes to nutrition, individuals should observe what are their inputs and outputs in order to maintain a healthy consumption balance. Through this constant observation, it can aid an individual in maintaining a balanced intake of foods. At the same time, it may help reduce the risk of obtaining an illness or disease. The observation can also assist you in understanding your health and assist you in asking assistanceRead MoreThe Effects Of Psychology On The Health And Nutrition World Essay1830 Words   |  8 Pagespossible minor in Psychology, I am interested in how psychology plays a role in the health and nutrition world. A concerning problem in health and nutrition is obesity. Obesity can be associated with a family history and most people associate it this problem with genetics. However, a part of psychology that provides an influence on obesity is stress, which can be triggered by many factors. Social position has a strong effect on stress of individuals in certain populations, specifically socioeconomicallyRead MoreThe Effects Of Artificial Nutrition On Health Professionals981 Words   |  4 Pagesfluid and nutrition is needed for survival, many health professionals are currently going through an ethical dilemma of whether or not to provide artificial tube feeding for patients with terminal diseases. This ethical decision that affects health professionals must take into consideration the recent research that opposes ANH for this population. These studies have demonstrated that artificial nutrition provides higher risk of medical complications, increased pain, and false hope of health recoveryRead MoreThe Destruction Of Nutrition And Its Effects On The Environment And Human Health1597 Words   |  7 PagesThe Destruction of Nutrition In the last two decades genetically modified organisms (GMO) have radically transformed the food and farming industry. With the use of constant animal testing and lab conducted research, scientists have yet to breach the exact effects of what gene manipulations actually are especially in a long term sense. With GMO manufacturing companies, such as Monsanto, marketing the use of GMO to be a groundbreaking, healthy and practical food developing source, eyes have beenRead MoreHuman Nutrition And Its Effects On The Health Of Obese People1335 Words   |  6 PagesHuman nutrition is one of the vital topics discussed in the fields of health, largely because a diet predicts the well-being of the human species. Recently, Americans have been eating a particularly hurtful diet, deficient in nutrients needed to maintain a healthy physiological state. A steady increase of obese and overweight people developed over the course of the last century to present day, and the issue has only recently g ained the attention of the public. The cause for concern is due to theRead MoreThe Effect Of Nutrition On Early Children s Development And Health2543 Words   |  11 PagesThe influence of nutrition on early child’s development and health Danuta Brodzinska ECE1700 - Advanced Curricula Professor: Eva May Tuesday, July 21, 2015 Research Essay Outline Introduction A) The importance of nutrition on child’s development and health †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 B) Malnutrition †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 Body paragraphs 1. Physical development †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 A) Important nutrients, vitamins and minerals for physical growth †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 B) Needed caloriesRead MoreThe Relationship Between Nutrition And Its Effects On Health And Well Being Through Randomized Experiment With Control And Treatment Groups3877 Words   |  16 Pages The proposed study aims to examine the relationship between nutrition and its effects on health and well being through a randomized experiment with control and treatment groups. There are several studies that research the relationship between nutrition and aging and show the promising affects. In this study, different types of nutritional diets will be examined and implemented in an intervention plan. Two plans will be implemented to cater to those of high and low socioeconomic status. 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Case Study for Integrated Library System- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Write about theCase Study for Integrated Library System. Answer: Introduction Integrated Library System (ILS) remains to be the automated system that usually comprises of the number of functional modules. Some of the modules making up the Integrated Library System are acquisitions, serials, cataloging, and circulation, along with Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC). However, all the automated systems that make up Integrated Library System have the functional modules that share a common bibliographic database. There are various approaches to accomplishing the integration of the scheme. According to Kumar (2016), Library system can buy the Integrated System that consists of some functional modules from the single vendor.The library is also able to purchase the variety of modules from the variety of suppliers as well as interconnect them. Integrated Library System is much like the community library that is equivalent of the planning of resources within the enterprise systems. In most cases, Integrated Library System refers to the large enterprise software that te nds to drive many operations within the business (McGrory et al., 2017). Therefore, the primary aim of this paper is to present the abstract level view of activities that are necessary to perform in six of the core knowledge areas of business analysis. They consist of analysis targeting business planning along with monitoring, elicitation, as well as collaboration, management of necessities life cycle, analysis of strategy, necessities analysis, and definition of design, together with evaluation of solution. Besides, the ideas presented on this paper aim at highlighting the underlying competencies together with tools that are appropriate for conducting each of the information sections. Planning of business analysis along with case of monitoring In every operation of an organization, planning of business analysis along with case of monitoring approach is the first task in the installing knowledge to people. The organizations that perform well always recognize the value that the operations of the business analysts bring to a project regarding delivering well-designed solutions. Such solution must meet the needs of stakeholder as well as fulfill objectives of business operations. However, business analysts use planning and monitoring activities to meet such demands (Allgeier 2017). The requirements are achievable through proven methods for planning approaches of business analysis along with control path through the entire life of the planned project. The guide that leads to business analysis planning together with monitoring follows the target of the audience. Workers at any level wishing to create and refine skills that apply to business analysis. Some of the activities that are necessary for business analysis planning and monitoring within the Integrated Library System are diverse. Some of the activities include the identification planning and monitoring. It also involves in recognizing the role of business analysts about major concepts when planning along with control events. During business analysis, planning together with control core activities under consideration is the need to understand the objective of the company. Being capable of interpreting direction is an essential factor in the Integrated Library System (Geng 2011). If an individual does not know what and more importantly why there are asked to do a particular task, then there is a risk that they would not deliver some of the essential ideas. Therefore, being a successful business analyst planning along with monitoring, there is the need for every person to have the variety of variable skills and be adaptable to the ever-changing business environment. Moreover, every business planning analysis and monitoring will bring their exclusive blend of experience along with skills to the role. For an individual to perform in this area of business analysis planning and surveillance, he or she needs to have excellent communication skills. They need to have the ability to run stakeholder meetings, be a good listener, hone their presentation skills, be excellent at managing time, possessing skills for writing and documentation, as well as developing their skills for modeling (Al Hijj 2012). These techniques or activities are efficient devices to convey the massive amount of information without necessarily relying on text. The underlying competencies together with tools that is appropriate for conducting Business Analysis Planning along with Monitoring. Skills and tools remain to be the manner of identifying the needs of business and formulating workable solutions to problems facing business analysts. The uses of the plan for analysis are essential although planning is indispensable. Some of the underlying competencies include the need to select the best and most appropriate methodologies along with techniques for every required development based on the needs of the stakeholders and projects. Hunt and Secor (2013) reports that, some underlying competencies include the need to develop consistent requirements, gaining commitments from all interested parties to offer necessary input and time. The used tools like the plan for every activity aid in communicating Business Analysis Planning along with Monitoring commitments and establish the contract with information technology. In other cases, plan aid in th e creation of the contract with business stakeholders. Additionally, Business Analysis Planning along with Monitoring responds to the evolution of project in a best-organized way. The competencies and tools in creating business analysis involve planning, eliciting and validating, documentation, and approving every activity within the corporate sector. According to Yi (2012), the component that has to be inclusive and defined in the Business Analysis Planning along with Monitoring include the scope, standards, requirements development team, methodology, management of change requirements, and assumptions, dependencies, along with operational risks. Elicitation and Collaboration With the geographical distance among programmers along with users' remains to grow, several persons are the force to examine the manner they teach others to think. Different activities within the Elicitation and Collaboration have forces different programmers to adapt at both cooperative together with technical skills. The events also suggest that people in need of the use of integrated library system to prepare to teach various upcoming programmers how to work in collaborative settings. Such engagement aids in the promotion of needs of every system user. Elicitation along with collaboration ideas leads to the activities that involve the creation of a computer supported cooperative issues (Lee 2012). The ideas help in solving environmental problems designed to educate other programmers located in various sectors on how to work as a team in performing the requirements elicitation duties. However, their needs for Elicitation and Collaboration highly relate. These requirements can be ex erciseable more efficiently in the setting supported by the computer cooperative. The interface within the integrated library system that deals with Elicitation and Collaboration encourage collaborative performance that comprises of both groups along with individual performer. Therefore, for operations to succeed in this core knowledge area of business analysis, the computer programmer must be ready to learn how to cooperate with one another (Townsend 2011). The collaboration can be through the particular computer interface within the computing system. The uses of activities like group interface have demonstrated to be more effective in skills when compared to groups that perform the same duties face-to-face. Management of necessities life cycle The need for management of life sequence applies to information system development projects. These projects are essential in ensuring that all functional, as well as user needs, are reachable by the application of the structured and standardized process during every phase of the life cycle of the system. As reported by Zamagni Cutaia (2015), library systems developed according to information technology best practices are probably to offer security as well as performance that are long-term. The activity to perform the core knowledge of requirements life cycle management relies greatly on product information and its identification. It is always necessary for every activity within the business analysis in integrated library system to do through researching on the feature of the product before identifying the best item to use. There is also the need to allow companies to digitalize and integrate entire industrial value chain in this core knowledge of business analysis (Lee 2012). Some o f the ideas learned at this activity can aid people in the business sector to digitalize their operations and integrate their entire value chain of the industry through manufacturing process management and TIA equipment. The integration receives full support from Teamcenterthat can be any industry that leads within the information sector in the provision of essential ideas to library settings. Every activity within this core knowledge aims at bringing success to the company. The success can be achievable by using techniques to get it right when planning requirements. Some activities within the required life cycle management aim at improving the major aspects of strategies or operations management within an organization (Lee 20120. These activities include the need to reduce operational costs, to improve quality, to decrease duration taken from control, decreasing risks within management process, together with ideas of enabling efficient management of scope. The requirements life cycle management exists to deliver products and services through business processes. These requirements within the business decompose into various requirements (Kasper 2017). However, these requirements should be manageable within organizational strategy like programs, projects, and portfolio. The operations management of conditions can be practicable on a daily basis. The underlying competencies together with tools that are appropriate for conducting Business Analysis about Requirements Life Cycle Management are diverse. Some of the device complexity in Requirements Life Cycle Management should match the budget along with business analyst capacities along with organizations needs (Allegeier 2011). Therefore, there is a need to understand business management needs prior an individual to purchase a tool. There exists a tool for management of standalone requirement. There is also integration with other modeling tools within the Requirements Life Cycle Management. Strategy Analysis Activities performed in the strategic analysis of core knowledge within the Integrated Library System provides useful infrastructure. Strategic plan offers the vision along with direction for the future development of public library service in the global business environment. The provided infrastructure from the analysis remains to be the base upon which libraries and its systems depend to support their daily operations as well as delivering content and services to their societies. The activities tied to the strategic analysis make up the ILS to support the stable and highly constrained economic sector that come with global opportunities. However, several activities focus on strategic analysis that every management deals with in operations of integrated library systems. Some of these activities comprise of communication of corporation goals, environmental planning, the process of setting up goals, the focus on subordinate managers, the role of corporate planning, and the linkage of p lanning together with budgeting of every event within the integrated library system. These activities follow different steps in every case analysis by focusing on how they are reachable in both small and big business. The distinguishing factor in these activities within the strategic analysis remains to be whether the system does business in one sector or more than one (Al Hijj 2012). Therefore, activities that are necessary to perform strategic analysis are nothing more than the structured processes that aid in organizing and coordinating the work of the leaders who do the planning. Activities for strategic planning focuses on the size of the system, diversity of operations, the way ILS are organizable and different philosophies and styles of managers. Besides, the activities of effective planning in this core knowledge require situational design. The business of design takes into account the particular situation of the company, particularly along dimensions of diversity together with companys size (Grytsiuk Leshkerych 2017). However, there are different activities or issues on which the choice of choosing a design for strategic planning and analysis system must follow. With every business publishing the correct choice for various companies, tend to be different in most cases from a single firm. These activities include ideas of communicating goals of the system, the process of setting targets and objectives of the system, and activities of the linkage of budgeting and planning. The underlying competencies together with tools based on the notion that internal resources together with core competencies derived from unique abilities offer the strategic platform that underlies the long-term profitability of the system. The tools used to evaluate these capabilities begin with the ability profile of the company that examines the strengths and weaknesses of the system. The tools like SWOT, PESTEL, and Porter Five Forces analysis are necessary to this core knowledge (Kasper 2017). These tools help in determining whether the company has the strengths required to deal with the Special Forces in the external business environment. Such tools enable the business managers to identify internal opportunities along with threats. It also enables managers to distinct competencies that can ward off the threats and compensate for the weakness (Niles 2011). Another additional tool for strategic analysis is the game theory that aid in analyzing dynamic and sequential decision at t he tactical level of the integrated library system. Requirements Analysis and Design Definition The activities in this core knowledge of business analysis encompass several tasks that focus on the determination of the needs of conditions to meet for the advanced project or product. Such activities within this stage take into account the possibility conflict requirements for several stakeholders, documentation, and analysis, validation, along with elements of software or management of such software (Yi 2012). Activities surounding the stage of necessities analysis along with definition of design are critical to the failure or success of the integrated library system. The activities that look at the requirements analysis has to receive proper documentation, measure, test, trace, action, that relates to needs of identified business or opportunities. Requirements Analysis and Design Definition include three different types of activities. These activities include eliciting requirements, analyzing, and recording activities. Obtaining activities within this core knowledge involve business process documentation as well as interviews of stakeholder. On the other side of explaining operations, its aims at determining whether the stated requirements are complete, clear, unambiguous, consistent, and able to resolve any apparent conflicts (Yuvaraj 2015). Furthermore, recording activities during design definition and analysis focus on the need for documentation of various forms. These types usually comprise of a summary list that at times include documentation of natural language, user stories, use cases, process specifications, and the variety of models such as data models. However, the underlying competencies together with tools based on requirement analysis can be the long and tiring process that involves dedication of psychological ski lls. Analysts can employ several tools to elicit the needs from their targeted customers. Solution Evaluation The core knowledge of Solution Evaluation has the purpose of training assessment needs that are essential in identifying requirements of performance and knowledge, capabilities, along with skills. These elements are critical in operations of business analysts to achieve the requirements as set by the integrated library system. However, there are different activities in every level of solution evaluation. These activities comprise of organizational, occupational, as well as individual assessments (Elmetwaly 20110. The business of assessing operations of organization tends to evaluate the level of performance of the system. It determines the skills, capacity, and knowledge that the business operator needs. Besides, it defines what is necessary to alleviate the weakness and problems of the integrated library system and improve strengths and competencies. The activities of functional assessment in this core knowledge in business analysis examine the knowledge, skills, and capabilities needed for affected occupational groups. The activity of assessing occupation identifies how and the professional discrepancies or gaps exist, potentially introduced by the direction of the agency. The exercise also aids in the examination of advanced ways to perform duties that can eliminate gaps within operations of integrated library systems (Girl 2012). Furthermore, the business of assessing individual during solution evaluation aims at analyzing how every single employee is striving to perform his or her duties. These activities determine the capacity of an individual to advance or different work. Therefore, all these activities within the solution evaluation in business analysis offer information on which workers need training (Farrell Truitt 2013). However, the underlying competencies together with tools based on solution evaluation rely greatly on individual performance. Conclusion Integrated Library System and its definition are beginning to change from the system that has the basic purpose of sharing bibliographic records for local uses. It also begins to change from the module to the network that exchanges information with various other systems outside of the library. Development of technologies such as the architectures of clients or servers along with standardized protocols for passing data from a given system to another, such transfer is facilitating this integration of outside sources of information into local regimes. Therefore, Integrated Library System remains to be the system of resource planning within an enterprise for the library that is essential in tracking items owned by individuals, paying bills, making orders, and patrons who have borrowed. The need for management must include the discipline to maintain every aspect of the traceability and must have discipline. Such qualities aid in ensuring that every factor during business analysis fits tog ether as per plan. References Ahammad, N. (2014). Implementing the Koha integrated library system at the Independent University, Bangladesh. The Electronic Library, 32(5), pp.642-658. Al Hijji, K. (2012). Strategic analysis process at academic libraries in Oman. Library Management, 33(4/5), pp.307-323. Allgeier, S. (2017). Water Quality MonitoringMake a Business Case for Distribution System Monitoring and Response Planning. Opflow, 43(3), pp.8-9. Elmetwaly, H. (2011). Information System Analysis and Building for Integrated Real Estate Business Management in Real Estate Market. American Journal of Economics and Business Administration, 3(2), pp.416-419. Farrell, K. and Truitt, M. (2013). The case for acquisitions standards in the integrated library system. Library Collections, Acquisitions, and Technical Services, 27(4), pp.483-492. Geng, B. (2011). Integrated System of Life Cycle Management of Large Stadium Projects. Advanced Materials Research, 250-253, pp.3150-3154. Giri, R. (2012). NewGenLib 3: an integrated open source library management system that makes your library visible in web. Library Hi Tech News, 29(10), pp.4-12. Grytsiuk, Y. and Leshkevych, I. (2017). THE PROBLEMS OF DEFINITION AND ANALYSIS OF SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS. Scientific Bulletin of UNFU, 27(4), pp.148-158. Hunt, K. and Secor, W. (2013). A Business Case Analysis Of The Snowboarding Industry. Journal of Business Case Studies (JBCS), 9(2), p.111. Kasper, L. (2017). S Corporation ValuationsAn Analysis in Search of a Solution. Business Valuation Review, 26(4), pp.127-136. Kumar, T. (2016). Adoption of Koha Open Source Integrated Library System in Indian Libraries: An Analytical Study. Indian Journal of Library and Information Science, 10(2), pp.149-155. Kwak, S. (2014). Study on Usability Evaluation of Integrated Library System in Public Libraries. Journal of Social Science, 25(3). Lee, l. (2012). Life Cycle Analysis of Material Flow and the Construction of National Integrated Resources Management System on Metal Resources. Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers, 49(6), p.865. McGrory, M., Williams, M., Taylor, K. and Freeze, B. (2017). The Impact of the Integrated Digital Library System on the CNIB Library. Library Trends, 55(4), pp.994-1045. Niles, N. (2011). A Case Study In Strategic Financial Planning In Health Service Organizations. Journal of Business Case Studies (JBCS), 6(5). Ritala, P. and Sainio, L. (2013). Coopetition for radical innovation: technology, market and business-model perspectives. Technology Analysis Strategic Management, 26(2), pp.155-169. Townsend, W. (2011). An Application Of The Rational Unified Process For Requirements Analysis. Journal of Business Case Studies (JBCS), 6(1). Yi, M. (2012). Effective medical resources searching using an ontology?driven medical information retrieval system. The Electronic Library, 30(2), pp.248-263. Yuvaraj, M. (2015). Problems and prospects of implementing cloud computing in university libraries. Library Review, 64(8/9), pp.567-582. Zamagni, A. and Cutaia, L. (2015). Life cycle assessment in market, research, and policy: Harmonization beyond standardization. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 11(3), pp.370-372.

The conflicting responses, which the character of Shylock provokes in the audience Essay Example

The conflicting responses, which the character of Shylock provokes in the audience Paper Written sometime between 1596 and 1598, The Merchant of Venice is classified as both an early Shakespearean comedy and as a problem play; it is a work in which good triumphs over evil, but serious themes are examined and some issues remain unresolved. In the play, Shakespeare wove together two classic folk tales, one involving a vengeful, greedy creditor trying to take a pound of flesh, the other involving a fight for the hand of a rich princess with a correct choice among three chests and thereby winning his companion. Shakespeares writing of the first tale centres on the Jewish moneylender Shylock who seeks a literal pound of flesh from his Christian opponent, the generous, faithful Antonio. In Shakespeares A Merchant of Venice, the character Shylock provokes conflicting responses in the audience. Throughout the play, Shylock is portrayed as being a greedy, malicious and bitter man, who is hated for his religion and his money lending. However, the audience is still able to recognise an injustice in the way he is treated. Shylock is shunned from society, principally because of his Jewish background. Therefore, the audience have conflicting feelings towards the character. Shakespeare achieves this effect through varying language techniques and dramatic devices. We will write a custom essay sample on The conflicting responses, which the character of Shylock provokes in the audience specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The conflicting responses, which the character of Shylock provokes in the audience specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The conflicting responses, which the character of Shylock provokes in the audience specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In this essay I will be looking at the different perceptions of Shylock and how Shakespeare controls them in order to answer the question; is Shylock a victim or a villain? The audiences perceptions of Shylock vary dramatically throughout the play. For example, Shakespeare portrays Shylock as being racist, selfish, profane and without integrity in Act 1 Scene 3, during Shylocks aside. Shylock tells the audience: I hate him for he is a Christian. This quote shows Shylock as being racist. Another quote from the aside shows the character as being without integrity: If I can catch him once upon the hip, I will feed fat the ancient grudge I bear him. This quote also shows him as being grudge bearing, ruthless and unforgiving. Passages such as this aside give the audience the perception that Shylock is the villain of the play. Shylock is petty in his hatred of Antonio, and this gives the audience a bad impression of the character. However, the audiences opinion of Shylock changes as the play continues. For example, the audience take a more sympathetic view to Shylock in Act 3 Scene 1. Shylocks To bait fish withal speech is a pivotal moment in the play, and subsequently, is pivotal to the audiences perceptions of Shylock. The speech shows Shylocks sensitive side and sways the audience into thinking that he has reason to be embittered and that perhaps Antonio, plus the other men on the Rialto are the villains of the play, and Shylock is indeed a victim. Certain quotes from the play, such as the comparisons between Christians and Jews: If you prick us, do we not bleed and fed with the same food, hurt with the same weapons are particularly powerful moments in the speech and appeal massively to the audiences empathetic side. Overall, the audiences perception of Shylock swings from dislike to sympathy, and from contempt to understanding. Therefore, throughout the play it is hard to suggest whether Shylock is a victim or a villain. During Shakespeares time, anti-Semitism was very prominent. Christians hated Jews for their religious backgrounds and principally, the Jewish role in the death of Jesus Christ. Because of this hatred, many Jews were shunned from society and discriminated against because of their religion. For example, when a Portuguese Jew called Roderigo Lopez was accused of plotting to kill the Queen. During the trial, Lopez was called worse than Judas himself and of a religious profession fit for any execrable undertaking. However, far worse, the Judge himself referred to Lopez as that vile Jew. In The Merchant of Venice Shylocks character reflects the feelings harboured towards the Jews at the time. In the play, Shylock is not allowed to prosper and is particularly denied by Antonio, a wealthy Christian. It is this rivalry between Shylock the Jew and Antonio the Christian that provides the spine of the play. In my opinion, Shakespeare used this rivalry to write the play and in turn highlight the prejudice that was very strong at the time towards Jewish people. Speeches and sections of the play, such as Shylocks speech To bait fish withal portray the message that the Jews are spurned by society, however, they also ask the question of why the Jews are hated when there are so many similarities between Jews and Christians? Therefore, I suggest that Shakespeare wrote the play to educate the audience about Jewish people and how they should not be discriminated against because of their beliefs. The relationship between Antonio and Shylock is very heated. This is highlighted in Act 1 Scene 3 when the bond is agreed between the two. Both men dislike each other and compete intensely for they are both in the money lending trade. Moreover, their hatred runs deep due to their conflicting religions. Antonio is a Christian, and Shylock is an orthodox Jew. My first impressions of Shylock are that he is a shrewd businessman with a ruthless attitude. He is strong willed and determined. I also see him as being bitter and resentful. This opinion is based on Act 1 Scene 3, when Shylock agrees the bond with Antonio. This is apparent throughout the scene and is portrayed by the way Shylock is running the situation. He makes it clear that he is in control and the bond is made to seem far more important to Antonio and Bassanio than it is to Shylock. This is a dramatic device used by Shakespeare that is used to create an image of Shylock. Quotes such as: Three thousand ducats I think I may take his bond show Shylock as being care free about a very large sum of money. Words such as may show that it is not necessary for Shylock to take his bond and consequently, he is in control. This, coupled with the characters demeanour throughout the scene paints the picture that Shylock is very clever, wily and assured with his finances. However, Shylocks aside in this scene conveys to the audience that all is not what it seems; Shylock is acting cool about the bond so as to seem carefree. The aside shows Shylocks darker, far more cynical side. As aforementioned, he speaks of his contempt for Antonio as he is a Christian, and perhaps more importantly, he is a moneylender, who charges no interest on his loans, therefore is Antonio is strong competition to Shylock. Because of this rivalry and the hostility between the two men, either would take delight in having any hold over them. The fact that Shylock has this bind in the early stages of the play tells the audience that he is a villain because he has control over another man once the bond is sealed. Moreover, Antonio is a gentleman and is seen as the hero of the play; therefore, his enemy Shylock must be the villain, particularly if he has a hold over Antonio that could threaten his life. Act 3 Scene 1 is a very instrumental part of the play when answering the question; is Shylock a victim or a villain? In this scene, Shylock reports the loss of his daughter to Solanio, Salarino and consequently the audience. Shylocks daughter, Jessica, has fled Venice and Shylocks care with Lorenzo and all of her fathers wealth. This clearly angers Shylock, however this anger is furthered due to Lorenzos religious beliefs he is a Christian. Shylock and his daughter are Jewish, the fact that Jessica should run away with someone who is not of Jewish background enrages Shylock. This is particularly the case as Jessica ran away with a Christian she ran away with someone whose religion had caused her father so much indiscretion and humiliation. In this scene it is ambiguous as to whether Shylock cares more for the money he has lost, or for the loss of his only daughter. For example, quotes such as: I say my daughter is my own flesh and blood show that Shylock is distraught over the abandonment subjected to him by his daughter. Jessica was all Shylock had, and for her to leave him must have been both deeply hurtful and angering. However, there are many quotes further on in the scene when Shylock is discussing his daughters plight with Tubal, who had been searching for Jessica that suggest otherwise. For example: I would my daughter were dead at my foot, and the jewels in her ear: would she were hearsd at my foot, and the ducats in her coffin this quote is a perfect example of how materialistic Shylock is and how he cares more for his money than for the one person in the world he had a real connection with. This quote in particular shows Shylock, as being a villain, as the audience would find it hard to relate to a man who wishes his own daughter be dead, let alone sympathise with such a person, no matter what has brought this wish to his mind. The language used here is extremely vivid. For example, I would she were hearsd at my foot, and the ducats in her coffin. Words such as coffin and hearsd are excellent expression used to really paint a picture in the audiences mind of Shylock being a heartless murderer. Shakespeare makes it this way so as to create a sense in the audiences mind of Shylock stood over his daughters lifeless body, with his riches returned to him. The effect of this on the audiences opinion of Shylock is that of Shylock being ruthless and overwhelmingly materialistic. Consequently, Shylock is seen as a terrible villain. This negative side to Shylocks character is also highlighted in Act 2 Scene 8, when Salanio speaks of how Shylock reacted to his daughters renunciation. Salanio quotes Shylock as saying: A sealed bag, two sealed bags of ducats, Of double ducats, stolen from me by my daughter, And jewels, two stones, two rich and precious stones, stolen by my daughter: justice, find the girl, She hath the stones upon her and the ducats. This quote shows how Shylock is frenetic about the loss of his daughter; however, he is inconsolable over the taking of his wealth and possessions. This shows Shylock to be obsessed by money, and greedy and selfish in his pursuit for wealth. However, half way through Act 3 Scene 1, Shylock has an infinitely poignant speech in which he outlines the prejudices faced by him. This speech confuses the audience over whether Shylock is a villain or a victim. In this speech beginning To bait fish withal Shylock outlines the prejudices facing him and how they have embittered him. This speech appeals to the audiences sympathy and makes the issue as to whether Shylock is a victim or a villain clouded. During the speech, Shylock compares the similarities and differences between himself and Antonio. When explaining why Antonio has shunned him he says: I am a Jew. This is a massively important moment in the play. Here, the audience is at the point where they are most sympathetic for Shylock as he argues that the reason as to why he has been treated badly is simply for his religious beliefs. Shylock is seen as the victim of racial discrimination, which in modern society is seen as utterly disgraceful. Shakespeare then continues to put forward Shylocks case against Antonio by using many figurative language techniques. For example, vivid imagery is used throughout the speech and this is highlighted by quote such as: I am a Jew. Hath not a Jew eyes? Hath not a Jew hands, organs, dimensions, senses, affections, passions Here repetition is also used to highlight the fact that aside from their religious backgrounds there is nothing palpably different between Shylock the Jew and Antonio the Christian. Repetition is also used further on in the speech: fed with the same food, hurt with the same weapons, subject to the same diseases healed by the same means, warmed and cooled by the same winter and summer as a Christian is. This quote is an excellent example of the fantastic imaginary and persuasive language used by Shakespeare. In this quote the audience is on the side of Shylock, the audience realises that he is a victim of racism and can be forgiven for his misdemeanours. This forgiveness is strengthened by Shylock furthering his argument in a far more forceful way as Shakespeare writes an air of defiance into Shylocks persona: if you prick us do we not bleed? If you tickle us do we not laugh? If you poison us do we not die? And if you wrong us shall we not revenge? This quote in particular shows that Shylock, and the entire Jewish race are but only human and in almost every way similar to their Christian counterparts. This has the effect on the audience of thinking that if Shylock is not entirely different from the men on the Rialto and Antonio in particular, why do they hate him so? Shakespeare created this speech for the character to enthral the audience by creating two characters who oppose each other and who the audience can identify with. However as an alternative interpretation, I also believe that Shakespeare created this speech for the audience to give a voice to the Jewish community and perhaps give them a chance to persuade the Christian community to understand that Jews should not be discriminated against because of their beliefs, nor should any religious community. Shakespeare, in my opinion was not a racist man, nor was he afraid to shock an audience. I believe that Shylocks speech was designed to both add weight to the conflict between the two men and consequently the two religions and to add weight to the Jewish plight, which in the days of A Merchant of Venice was met with more than a little trepidation. Whilst the speech uses varying technical devices in order to enthral the audience in Shylocks plight, the language of the speech can be very ordinary. The language still naturally holds a Shakespearean tone and rhythm, however many sentences are distinctly colloquial. Shakespeare uses this effect in order to make the character seem human. This will help the audience to relate to Shylock. This, in turn, will encourage the audience to continue to question whether Shylock is indeed a victim or a villain, which will interest them further in the play. The structure of Act 3 Scene 1 is crucial as to whether the audience sees Shylock as a victim or a villain. The structure is worked so as Shylock is seen as a victim one minute and a villain the next. For example, Shylock is seen as a victim in his speech To bait fish withal yet is seen as a villain just minutes in the play later when he is conversing with Tubal about how Antonio has suffered misfortune with his fleet of ships, and is therefore subject to Shylocks clauses as written in the bond. When Tubal explains Antonios disposition to Shylock, he responds by saying: I am very glad of it, Ill plague him, Ill torture him, I am glad of it. This quote shows the villainous side to Shylock in full light. Shylock is cheered by the news of Antonios loss and looks forward to taking his pound of flesh without haste. This structure is one of the main reasons as to why it is unclear to the audience as to whether Shylock is a victim or indeed whether he is a villain. After Act 3 Scene 1, the audience will be unsure as to whether Shylock is a victim or a villain. Shylock will be seen as a victim of racism due to his speech to bait fish withal and how the Christians scorn him, for example the rudeness shown to him by Salario and Salarino in the scene. The audience will also feel sympathetic to Shylock, as the one person in the world he thought he could trust in has abandoned him with almost his entire wealth. However, the audience will also be aware that the character is materialistic, as shown by his response to his daughters fleeing. The audience will also feel that Shylock is viscous and a coward by how he is delighted by the news that Antonio must take the forfeit as written in the bond and Shylock can take a pound of flesh from him. These conflicting responses, coupled with the structure of this particular scene will make it impossible to decide whether Shylock is definitely a victim or definitely a villain. Another scene that contributes particularly to answering the question: is Shylock a victim or a villain? is Act 4 Scene 1 (the court scene). In this scene, Shylock is questioned as to whether he is certain he wants to take his bond, and with it Antonios life. This scene is very dramatic, however, the audience would be relaxed as they would expect Shylock to give in to the pressure placed on him and not take his bond, the audience expects Shylock to show mercy and not be the villain that he seems to be. However, this is not the case until Shylock is forced into negotiating the bond. It is necessary for Shakespeare to not allow Shylock to show mercy to Antonio, as this would be what the audience expects, which of course would make the outcome of the play rather predictable. Instead, suspense is maintained through Shylocks relentless demand of a pound of Antonios flesh. While the audience expects Shylock to capitulate, he does not. This begins to make the audience unsure of the outcome of the play and makes them anxious as to whether the hero, Antonio, will suffer the unthinkable. Portia also maintains suspense. Bassanios new love is acting as a lawyer for Antonio. She is particularly intelligent and is well aware that there are circumstances in the bond that mean Antonios life will ultimately be spared. However, she does not make these legislations known to the court for some time. She does this in order to give Shylock the opportunity to prove that he is not an unforgiving man by sparing Antonios life and by doing this suggesting that he is misunderstood and mistreated by the Christians. Portia waits right up until Shylock is preparing to plunge the knife into Antonios waiting torso before declaring her knowledge: Shed thou no blood, nor cut thou less nor more but just a pound of flesh: if thou takst more or less than a poundthou diest, all thy goods are confiscate. After Portia has declared this, the suspense is cleared. Shakespeare delivers this scene wonderfully, as the audience are certain that Shylock will surrender, until the knife is almost thrust into Antonios chest and Portia prevents the Christians death. The suspense is maintained throughout, and the audience are still unsure as to whether Shylock is a victim or a villain, which keeps them eternally interested in the play. A variety of dramatic devices are also used in Act 4 Scene 1. For example, the structure of the scene is used as a dramatic device. The scene is littered with long, drawn out speeches, made by the varying characters, particularly Shylock as he argues his case, and by Antonio who protests his innocence. The Duke and Portia also have large parts to play in this scene. The different characters tend to speak in turn throughout the scene, as one would expect from a court scene. This creates the sense of an argument. This coupled with some strong points from each corner make it very hard for the audience to conclude as to who is in the wrong. However, the underlying consensus will be that Antonio does not deserve to die for his misdemeanours. This argumentative structure is particularly prominent towards the beginning of the scene. Firstly, the Duke states the case against Shylock and for Antonio, with a speech that is centred on appealing to Shylocks guilty side, and is designed to make him see sense. The speech has a tone of superiority, even at a time when humility would be well advised, as Shylock holds al the cards. The very last line of the Dukes speech highlights this aloofness, when he spits: We all expect a gentle answer Jew. This quote is hugely effective in making the audience sympathetic towards Shylocks cause, as the reference to Shylocks religious beliefs are completely irrelevant to the running of this trial. Following this, Shylock has his chance to speak and does so by insisting that he will secure his bond, and take a pound of Antonios flesh: And by our Holy Sabbath I have sworn to have the due and forfeit of my bond. After both sides have stated their cases, the argument becomes more frantic with the characters remaining stubborn and continuing their argument in short bursts. For example, Bassanio argues with Shylock, suggesting that Shylock is inhumane with rhetorical questions, such as: Do all men kill the things they do not love? It is short and well-timed phrases or questionings such as these, which continue throughout the scene, making it difficult for the audience to conclude as to whether Shylock is a victim or a villain. As an alternative interpretation, these rhetorical questions and short, snappy accusations, which Shylock has no chance to dismiss, may reflect the trial itself. The trial is certainly less than fair, and the pressure that the defending characters put on Shylock is also unnecessary. This is similar to the way Shylock is unable to defend himself from the threats and accusations sent his way. Overall, the structure of the scene makes it very hard for the audience to conclude as to whether Shylock is a victim or a villain. This is due to the opposing arguments being put forward in turn by each member of the scene, thus creating an uncertainty as to who is in the right, or wrong. These arguments are both equally convincing. However, overall, Shylock is made to be seem villainous by the structure of the scene as he is forced to remain stubborn and repel the opposition time after time as their case is argued often and in short and some long bursts, rather than Shylock denying their pleaful requests once only. Shakespeare has structured the scene this way in order for the audience to be unsure of who is in the right. The audience members will be able to identify with both sides of the argument, therefore they will want to follow the play further as the suspense is maintained as to who will prevail, and ultimately who will be the victim, and who will be the villain. As the scene unfolds, Shylock seems to be facing a battle that was lost before he began. The population of the courtroom is against him and his wishes. Shylock faces tremendous pressure from the defenders of Antonio, and Antonio himself, not to mention the Duke (the judge) also. While Shylock seems to be losing his battle, the audience feels ultimately that right has been done, in saving Antonios life, however, there is a sense of injustice as to how Shylock has been treated. Throughout the scene, Shylock is badgered by his opposition as they try to make him feel guilty for claiming what is rightfully his. This is highlighted by quotes such as: Not on thy sole, harsh Jew, thou makst thy knife keen. But no metal can, no, not the hangmans axe, bear half the keenness of thy sharp envy. Can no prayers pierce thee? reasons Gratiano, as he seeks to save Antonio by swaying the mind of Shylock and his conscience. Shylock continues to seek what is rightfully his, when Gratiano outrages: O be thou damned, inexcrable dog. This quote shows that Shylock is being treated awfully during the trial, and the trial is anything but fair. However, the audience will side with Antonio because they will believe that he does not deserve to die for his crime. However, the truth remains that Shylock has been denied the right to a fair trial and is being bullied by the many people who oppose him, just as they bully him on the rialto. This will endear the audience to Shylock, and will make him seem more of a victim than a villain for large parts of this scene. This is highlighted particularly at the beginning of the scene when the audience believe that he will relent and not exact his revenge on Antonio, and when the Duke opens the case with a speech that is very patronising and cruel to Shylock. For example, the aforementioned quote We all expect a gentle answer Jew is the last line in his speech, which will make the audience feel great sorrow for Shylock, as he is seemingly shunned due to his religious beliefs. Shylock is offered compensation in place of the money he has lost, three thousand ducats and more is offered his way in order to save the life of Antonio. However, Shylock denies this opportunity. This shows that Shylock is not as materialistic and greedy as his reaction to the loss of his daughter had suggested. His reasoning highlights this: If every ducat in six thousand ducats were in six parts and every part a ducat I would not draw them; I would have my bond. This shows Shylock to have some morals, he will stand by his beliefs, however, this is contradicted as his beliefs involve the murdering of a largely innocent man. Shylock is offered the money repeatedly throughout the scene. However, he denies it upon every occasion it is thrust in his direction. Antonio and his defence offer the money to Shylock repeatedly in order to appeal to his pocket, and his mind, and ultimately forfeit the bond. However, Shylock will not falter. This creates an opinion in the audience of Shylock being a villain. This is because Shylock must ignore the pleading of the Christians each time they remonstrate with him. This means that Shylock will deny Antonio many times, therefore the audience begin to realise that he is serious about exacting his bond, and taking the life of another, thus rendering him a murderer, and a villain of the highest calibre.